Punched tape
Sunday, August 10th, 2008
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(Redirected from Paper tape)
A roll of punched tape
Punched tape or paper tape is a largely obsolete form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data. It was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprinter communication, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNC machine tools.
Origin
One type of paper tape punch
The earliest forms of punched tape come from weaving looms and embroidery, where cards with simple instructions about a machine’s intended movements were first fed individually as instructions, then controlled by instruction cards, and later were fed as a string of connected cards. (See Jacquard loom).
This led to the concept of communicating data not as a stream of individual cards, but one “continuous card”, or a tape. Many professional embroidery operations still refer to those individuals who create the designs and machine patterns as “punchers”, even though punched cards and paper tape were eventually phased out, after many years of use, in the 1990s.
In 1846 Alexander Bain used punched tape to send telegrams.
Tape formats
Data was represented by the presence or absence of a hole in a particular location. Tapes originally had five rows of holes for data. Later tapes had 6, 7 and 8 rows. A row of narrower holes (”sprocket holes”) that were always punched served to feed the tape, typically with a wheel with radial pins called a “sprocket wheel.” Text was encoded in several ways. The earliest standard character encoding was Baudot, which dates back to the nineteenth century and had 5 holes. Later standards, such as Teletypesetter (TTS), Fieldata and Flexowriter, had 6 holes. In the early 1960s, the American Standards Association led a project to develop a universal code for data processing, which became known as ASCII. This 7-level code was adopted by some teleprinter users, including AT&T (Teletype). Others, such as Telex, stayed with Baudot.
The word “Wikipedia” as 7-bit ASCII (without a parity bit or with “space” parity)
Chadless Tape
Most tape-punching equipment used solid punches to create holes in the tape. This process inevitably creates “chads”, or small circular pieces of paper. Managing the disposal of chads was an annoying and complex problem, as the tiny paper pieces had a distressing tendency to escape and interfere with the other electromechanical parts of the teleprinter equipment.
One variation on the tape punch was a device called a Chadless Printing Reperforator. This machine would punch a received teleprinter signal into tape and print the message on it at the same time, using a printing mechanism similar to that of an ordinary page printer. The tape punch, rather than punching out the usual round holes, would instead punch little U-shaped cuts in the paper, so that no chads would be produced; the “hole” was still filled with a little paper trap-door. By not fully punching out the hole, the printing on the paper remained intact and legible. This enabled operators to read the tape without having to decipher the holes, which would facilitate relaying the message on to another station in the network. Also, of course, there was no “chad box” to empty from time to time. A disadvantage to this mechanism was that chadless tape, once punched, did not roll up well, because the protruding flaps of paper would catch on the next layer of tape, so it could not be rolled up tightly. Another disadvantage, as seen over time, was that there was no reliable way to read chadless tape by optical means employed by later high-speed readers. However, the mechanical tape readers used in most standard-speed equipment had no problem with chadless tape, because it sensed the holes by means of blunt spring-loaded sensing pins, which easily pushed the paper flaps out of the way.
Applications
Communications
Paper tape relay operation at FAA’s Honolulu flight service station in 1964
Punched tape was used as a way of storing messages for teletypewriters. Operators typed in the message to the paper tape, and then sent the message at the maximum line speed from the tape.
This permitted the operator to prepare the message “off-line” at the operator’s best typing speed, and permitted the operator to correct any error prior to transmission. An experienced operator could prepare a message at 135WPM (Word Per Minute) or more for short periods.
The line typically operated at 75WPM, but it operated continuously. By preparing the tape “off-line” and then…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about organic oats, apple peelers, . The Zojirushi Ns Rice Cooker products should be show more here!
By: himfryang
About the Author:
(Redirected from Paper tape)
A roll of punched tape
Punched tape or paper tape is a largely obsolete form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data. It was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprinter communication, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNC machine tools.
Origin
One type of paper tape punch
The earliest forms of punched tape come from weaving looms and embroidery, where cards with simple instructions about a machine’s intended movements were first fed individually as instructions, then controlled by instruction cards, and later were fed as a string of connected cards. (See Jacquard loom).
This led to the concept of communicating data not as a stream of individual cards, but one “continuous card”, or a tape. Many professional embroidery operations still refer to those individuals who create the designs and machine patterns as “punchers”, even though punched cards and paper tape were eventually phased out, after many years of use, in the 1990s.
In 1846 Alexander Bain used punched tape to send telegrams.
Tape formats
Data was represented by the presence or absence of a hole in a particular location. Tapes originally had five rows of holes for data. Later tapes had 6, 7 and 8 rows. A row of narrower holes (”sprocket holes”) that were always punched served to feed the tape, typically with a wheel with radial pins called a “sprocket wheel.” Text was encoded in several ways. The earliest standard character encoding was Baudot, which dates back to the nineteenth century and had 5 holes. Later standards, such as Teletypesetter (TTS), Fieldata and Flexowriter, had 6 holes. In the early 1960s, the American Standards Association led a project to develop a universal code for data processing, which became known as ASCII. This 7-level code was adopted by some teleprinter users, including AT&T (Teletype). Others, such as Telex, stayed with Baudot.
The word “Wikipedia” as 7-bit ASCII (without a parity bit or with “space” parity)
Chadless Tape
Most tape-punching equipment used solid punches to create holes in the tape. This process inevitably creates “chads”, or small circular pieces of paper. Managing the disposal of chads was an annoying and complex problem, as the tiny paper pieces had a distressing tendency to escape and interfere with the other electromechanical parts of the teleprinter equipment.
One variation on the tape punch was a device called a Chadless Printing Reperforator. This machine would punch a received teleprinter signal into tape and print the message on it at the same time, using a printing mechanism similar to that of an ordinary page printer. The tape punch, rather than punching out the usual round holes, would instead punch little U-shaped cuts in the paper, so that no chads would be produced; the “hole” was still filled with a little paper trap-door. By not fully punching out the hole, the printing on the paper remained intact and legible. This enabled operators to read the tape without having to decipher the holes, which would facilitate relaying the message on to another station in the network. Also, of course, there was no “chad box” to empty from time to time. A disadvantage to this mechanism was that chadless tape, once punched, did not roll up well, because the protruding flaps of paper would catch on the next layer of tape, so it could not be rolled up tightly. Another disadvantage, as seen over time, was that there was no reliable way to read chadless tape by optical means employed by later high-speed readers. However, the mechanical tape readers used in most standard-speed equipment had no problem with chadless tape, because it sensed the holes by means of blunt spring-loaded sensing pins, which easily pushed the paper flaps out of the way.
Applications
Communications
Paper tape relay operation at FAA’s Honolulu flight service station in 1964
Punched tape was used as a way of storing messages for teletypewriters. Operators typed in the message to the paper tape, and then sent the message at the maximum line speed from the tape.
This permitted the operator to prepare the message “off-line” at the operator’s best typing speed, and permitted the operator to correct any error prior to transmission. An experienced operator could prepare a message at 135WPM (Word Per Minute) or more for short periods.
The line typically operated at 75WPM, but it operated continuously. By preparing the tape “off-line” and then…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about organic oats, apple peelers, . The Zojirushi Ns Rice Cooker products should be show more here!
By: himfryang
About the Author:
himfr can provide you most popular hot products from china!